Direct heat flux sensing for window shading control in passive cooling systems

• Direct heat flux sensing for window shade control is investigated the first time. Unprocessed measurements fluctuate too extensively use. Endpoint moving average and infinite impulse response filters provide cleaner signals. Requirements signal persistence over time improve shading accuracy. The resulting system allows to reduce gain extensively. Greenhouse gas emissions from space cooling are expected double globally by 2050, giving urgency development of low-carbon methods. Solar through windows a leading contributor loads, accordingly, operable strategies have been established that respond numerous environmental parameters, including solar radiation, illumination, day, indoor outdoor air temperature. While these shown excellent performance, optimal setpoints typically specific climates, seasons, spaces, preventing controls with consistent effectiveness across varying conditions. Here we investigate an alternative parameter, surface flux, in which universal setpoint 0 W/m 2 identifies transitions between loss. Examination signals acquired low-cost sensors revealed associated noise be but great application. Representative characteristics were then used construct noisy simulations, allowing evaluation mitigation digital filtering methods requirements. Strikingly, controlled output reduced 54–78% six contrasting comparable or exceeding performance approaches, indicating now outstanding candidate passive systems.